Home Work

Testicular Cancer and Cervical Cancer
-It is clear that these to illnesses are most common among the young. Cervical Cancer is caused by the HPV virus which can be spread through sexual activity. There are many variations of the HPV virus and only several commonly lead to cancer. Although men are not effected by the virus they can transmit it to another female sex partner. Practicing safe sex and getting vaccinated can help prevent the contraction of HPV and cervical Cancer. Unlike Cervical cancer there is little men can do about preventing Testicular Cancer, but what they can focus on is quickly finding it and treating it if it does develop. Screening is quick and can be performed my the individual. The incidence of testicular cancer is small and it’s death rate low but is most common among young males and if found soon can be treated.

Contraceptives

Male Condom

-Physical and 85-98% effective depending if used correctly. Are quick and easy to use and also they protect against many STIs. Must be stored at room temp and put one without the formation of an air bubble.

Female Condom

-Physical and 79-95% effective. Do not contain latex like male condoms. Are quick and easy to use and also they protect against many STIs.

Spermicid

-Chemical and 71-82% effective. Comes in many different forms: gel, cream, and foam inserts. All forms must be applied within the vagina.

Diaphragm

-Physical and 80-94% effective. They must be fitted by a professional and should be used with spermicid. Diaphragms are less effective on women who have given birth.

The Birth Control Pill

-Is hormonal and 92-99% effective if used correctly, taken the same time on a daily bases. The pill will regulate women’s periods. It takes time for the hormones to build up within her body; therefore the pill will not be immediately effective. Side effects vary from person to person.

Patch

Is hormonal and 92-99% effective. Patch is warn three weeks of a month. Will regulate women’s periods, and also must have time to build up within the body. The patch may irritate the skin.

The Ring

Is hormonal and 92-99% effective. Each month a plastic ring is placed within the vagina. The ring will regulate women’s periods, and has fewer side effects than other hormonal treatments, due to lower hormone content.

IUD

-Chemical or hormonal, 98-99% effective. Insert is placed within the uterus, by professionals. The deferent types may be left in 5 to 10 years. The non hormonal style contains copper which prevents the egg from attaching to the uterus and sperm from reaching it.

Shot

-Hormonal and is 97% effective. Liquid is injected under the skin, which depending on the amount may last years.

Plan B

-This is 75-89% effective depending on length of time after intercourse the pill is taken. Prescription is not needed if over 18. Must be used within 5 days.

Tobacco
Cigars

Cigars are distinguished from cigarettes in that they are rolled in tobacco leaf as apposed to paper. While they are most often much larger than cigarettes, some containing as much tobacco as a whole pack of cigarettes and burning up to two hours, Cigars can be found in their more popular smaller variety cigarillos. Although they contain fewer additives than cigarettes they are by no means a safe alternative. Cigar smokers, as compared to non smokers are 6 times more likely to die from oral cancer, are 39 times more likely to die from cancer of the larynx, face more than twice the risk of death from pancreatic cancer, face more than 3 times the risk of death from bladder cancer. While almost all cigarette smokers inhale, some cigar smokers do not because cigar smoke is more irritating. While that does limit the amount of smoke inhaled into the lungs they still face oral and throat cancers as their saliva picks up toxins and is then swallowed. Sense the early nineties cigar smoking is on the upswing. It is thought that 5.6% of Americans over 12, 14% of kids from grades 9-12 are cigar users. Cigar use is far more common among in the younger group in males 19% than females 8.7%.

STIs:

Chlamydia
-Is a bacterial infection, contracted though sexual contact. Symptoms for females; pelvic pain, painful and/or frequent urination, vaginal discharge, bleeding after intercourse or there may not be any symptoms at all. Symptoms for males; painful urination, discharge from penis or none at all. Urine or discharge samples may be tested to confirm infection. It is treated with an antibiotics. If not treated will lead to infections of the reproductive organs, infertility and may be passed from mother to infant during birth.

Gonorrhea
-Is a bacterial infection, contracted though sexual contact. Symptoms for females; pelvic pain, painful urination, vaginal discharge, fever, blood/pus from anus, sore throat or none. Symptoms for males; painful urination, discharge from penis, blood/pus from anus, sore throat or there may be none. Urine or discharge samples may be tested to confirm infection. It is treated with antibiotics. If not treated will lead to PID or infertility, heart trouble, skin issues or arthritis, and may be passed from mother to infant during birth.

Syphilis
-Is a bacterial infection contracted though sexual contact. symptoms of the early stages are painful sores on mouth, penis, vagina, anus, or elsewhere on the body. Medical examination will confirm infection. Treated with antibiotics. If not treated will lead to the second stage with rashes, fevers, hair loss, body aches, sore throat, swollen glands or new sores may appear. If not treated will lead to the third stage with heart damage, brain damage, PID, severe damage to fetus and maybe death.

HIV/AIDS
-Is a virus which attacks the immune system. Is contracted though sexual contact with someone who is infected, blood to blood contact with infected persons, sharing of contaminated used needles, and breast milk. Symptoms; fever, weight loss, constant diarrhea, dry cough with shortness of breath, constant fatigue, swollen glands, pink or purple raised blotches on or under the skin, white spots in mouth or no symptoms. Blood tests can confirm infection. Although incurable, medication is available to strengthen immune system and ward off other infects which will lead to death.

Genital Herpes
-Is an infection of the Herpes Simplex Virus, contracted though sexual contact and or skin to skin contact with infected persons. Symptoms; painful blisters that will break into open sores and swollen glands. The sores will dry up and disappear within 5-21 days. Medical examination or test of fluids will confirm infection. The virus will remain in the body, however medications can speed the healing of blisters and stem future outbreaks.

Genital Warts
-Is infection is cause by HPV, contracted though sexual contact and or skin to skin contact with infected persons even if warts are not visible. Symptoms; small painless bumps on the genitals. Medical examination or pap smear to confirm infection. Will remain within the body however the warts can be burned, froze, or cut off. Can be passed from mother to child during birth, in untreated warts will grow and become harder to remove.

Pubic Lice
- Parasitic infection of the pubic hair, contracted though sexual contact, skin to skin contact and can be passed through infested articles. Symptoms; severe itching, lice or eggs in pubic hair with small dots of blood. Visual medical examination to confirm. Treated with medication shampoo, all other infested articles must also me washed. If untreated will compromise the genitals leading to other infections.